Music – halal or haram? Whirling?

Music is a matter of Ṭarīqah. Music is not halal or haram; it is a mater of Ṭarīqah. When anything Ṭarīqah is misused it becomes shirk, and it is Music that is most easily misused and so ever since the Salaf period most all music has been prohibited in Islam. Sufi-Sunni Muslims whether Salafi, Contemporary or Liberal all agree Music is not haram or halal, but only the Bayramiyyah/Qadiriyyah Muslims view Music with a strict sense of precaution and generally band Music to it's full time members, to some of it's youth converts and to it's half time members (those who are involved in The Order but have yet to take up full Islamic observance) mild Islamic based music is permitted this innovation can be necessary in order to keep them from mainstream music that is truly Shirk; you can not make Shirk things Halal so mild innovations depending on circumstances is permissible, Music makes ecstasy in a person which is not to be taken lightly, ecstasy for Allah is a necessity for every Muslim but Music should never be the way to do it for it is clearly a sin to use Music to gain ecstasy. This is why Whirling is usually not permitted in Sufi-Sunni Islam, and it's never allowed in Bayramiyyah/Qadiriyyah Order unless it's used in a mind purification ritual against evil forces, and only an ishan is permitted to do this under very rare circumstances it can be done, but only if one understands it, it also must never be done with any music(Duff) or encanting. The oldest and most trustworthy ishans of the Old Tasawwuf Ṭarīqah, that Bayramiyyah represents, do not even engage in this Old ritual because later Sufi Scholars said it is an old Jewish practice, not something recognizable of the Tasawwuf OF Abraham. Whirling seems to have originally been an Islamic Mystic form of prostration that later evolved in to the revival of the Judeo-Sufi Whirling that we see today. Most Arabic Music is really Jewish Mideastern Music that is traceable to Old Judea. Yatziban and the Judeo-sufis of Rambam's line have preserved much of these things so it is at least to Bayramiyyah's knowledge that Whirling should not be recognized as Muslim but as Jewish instead.

The four kinds of Islam

There are four kinds of Islam.

#1. Sufi-Sunni Islam is the least likely followed Version of Islam.

Sufi-Sunni Islam has 3 Basic Branches, 1st is the Salafi Mystical Islam better known as Qadiriyyah Islam or more accurately Bayramiyyah this is also the oldest known kind of Islam. 2nd is Contemporary Sunni-Sufism these are Sufi-Sunni Muslims who although not Salafi are given over to Qadiriyyah thought most of them are hiding in Indonesia. 3rd is Liberal Sufi-Sunni Islam these are Sufi-Sunni Muslims who are not Religious but acknowledge Sufi-Sunni Islam over any other concept of Islam.

#2. Sunni Islam is the Most followed Version of Islam.

Sunni Islam has 4 Basic Branches, 1st is Al-Hadith Islam known more widely as the Ahl al-Hadith sect this is a Salafi form of Islam and the Oldest form of Sufi-lacking Sunni Islam, originally it was just known as Sunni Islam. The movement known as Ahl al-Hadith was a Orthodox Sunni Movement that started in India in order to counter the terrifying Ahl al-Muwahhidun heresy and the anti-Islamic coup of Saudi Nationalist Monarchy that supported it. Tragically many Islamists falsely use the term Ahl al-Hadith, this deception is outright cruel, because Islamism by it's very nature is anti-Salafi. Many claim that the term Ahl al-Hadith sprang up in Pakistan yet this is just not true, although the words flow perfectly in Urdu it needs to understood that the Counter-Wahhabists known as Ahl al-Hadith began in India. Al-Hadith Muslims although, not in complete agreement with Bayramiyyah today form strong Salafi Alliances with them. This is due to the fact that Salafi is Orthodox Islam, and Salafi(Orthodox) Islam is under attack by most of the world. 2nd is "Wahhabi" Islam this form of Islam is sadly misunderstood, and Wahhabi is not a bad word for it is one of the 99 Names of Allah, Wahhabi is a Salafi Movement of resent date. 3rd is Moderate Sunni Islam. Moderate Sunni Muslims are Sunni Muslims who are Nominative partakers of Sunni Islam. 4th is Al-Fatwah Islam.  Most Muslims are Al-Fatwah Muslims. Al-Fatwah Muslims only take the Hanafi School as authoritative they are also the biggest instigators against other waves of Sunni Islam and also they seem to be Pro-Secular and Anti-Religious.

#3. Shia Islam is the second most followed Version of Islam right after Sunni Islam.

Shias disown the election and selection of Abu-Bakr, Omar and Usman by the people to represent Islam and Quran. They also do not consider Ali as the fourth Caliph as the process occurred through a voting system. Shias believe that Muhammad's family, the Ahl al-Bayt ("the People of the House"), and certain individuals among his descendants, who are known as infallible Imams have special spiritual and political authority over the community, and they received this authority since God gave it to them just the same way God chose Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, David and others. Shia Muslims further believe that Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, was the first of twelve Imams and was the rightful successor to Muhammad and thus reject the legitimacy of the first three caliphs. Shias regard Ali as the second most important figure after Prophet Muhammad. According to them, Muhammad suggested on various occasions during his lifetime that Ali should be the leader of Muslims after his demise. The Shi'a faith throughout its history split over the issue of imamate, with each branch supporting different imams. The largest branch is the Twelvers, to which over 85% of Shi'a belong. The only other surviving branches are the Zaidi and Ismaili.

#4. Sufi Islam is the third most followed form of Islam in the World.

Sufi Muslims can be Sunni, Shia, Sufi-Sunni, any one of the two, all three or none of these.

Sufi Islam comes in several different forms. Sufi Islam teaches Music, Dance, Philosophy and Love for all Humanity it is also Anti-Salafi. Sufi Muslims are usually soft spoken and kind and pacifist.

The Sufi-Sunni Muslims have formed the United Sufi-Sunni Muslim Union in an effort to remind others of History

this Union can be fond on facebook "https://www.facebook.com/groups/UnitySunniSufism/".

Our Need for Religious Honesty

There is a need for Muslims to be Muslims and this means that we OWE the World our best attitude.

Muslims who criticize Talmud typically are historically illiterate and are usually in league with the Pan-Arabists. Muslims who attack Catechism as false have clearly never seen the complexity of the Greek-Bible.

We need to stop calling ourselves Monotheists because this is a lie. We are Panentheists. Islam is a Panentheist Religion. Monotheism bounders more on idolatry than Trinitarianism. Today English is the universal language, and we all need to put a better use to English that is compatible with religions especially Islamic concepts.

What is Monotheism really?

Panentheism is a belief system which posits that God exists, interpenetrates every part of nature and timelessly extends beyond it. Panentheism is differentiated from pantheism, which holds that God is not a distinct being but is synonymous with the universe. Panentheism may better be refereed to as Omnitheism.

Pantheism religions are only three Islam, Judaism and the Noahide faith.

Monotheism can be the belief in the existence of one God who (may or may not) referees between a Savior and a Devil.

Monotheist religions include Native American Shamanism, Zoroastrianism, Sikhism and the Bahá'í faith.

Pantheism is the view that the Universe (or Nature) and God (or divinity) are identical.

Pantheist religions include Taoism, Confucianism, some forms of Buddhism and some forms of Vedicism.

Trinitarianism is the belief in one God who has three independent parts.

Trinitarianist religions include Wicca, Christianity, Rastafari(the reconstructed Sabean faith) and some forms of Vedicism.

It's time to be honest with ourselves. It's time to admit what Muslims should really be doing in this era. We should be clarifying who we are to Allah and how to deal with the others religions as well as the sad conditions Islamic-Bida that have lead to Sunni Islam, Shia Islam and Sufi Islam.

There is no "convert or die" doctrine of Islam contrary to what some of the Wahhabists say.

Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab would be disgusted with the Wahhabi-sect if he saw what it has become today. In Bayramiyyah, the Wahhabi is actually called Wahhabist in English and Muwahhidun in Arabic, and Turkish, therefore, all Sufi-Sunni Muslims refer to a Wahhabi, not as a Wahhabi, but as a Muwahhidun.

Bayramiyyah is by far the greatest enemy of the Saud as well the NeoOttomanist. But the Saudi Royals can not keep us from Arabia forever. Indeed many of us have already gone for Hadj, because of our friends in the Fiqhs. The Saudi family should never be allowed to forbid someone to make Hadj. Think how Malcolm X would have been if he would have never made Hadj.

Muslims of Qadiriyyah are obligated to point out that what gives Sufi-Sunni Muslims the best credibility is our understanding of the Religions, our devotion to destroying all Cults as peacefully as possible and our opposition to Pan-Arab Nationalism. But these are not really the primary reasons.

There is a need for us or any other religion, to call a manhunt for every cult, and what separate religions and Occult have a lot to do with whom benefits from it. Everyone benefits from religion and small, few benefit from occult. Part of what separates religion from occult is that we do not let lies about our enemies even if they let lies about us.

Who is the threat of mankind today? It's not religion, although, the most popular trend today is clearly Anti-Religion. Those who blame religion do so because they are  materialism. If we look towards the real problem which is an Occultist Oligarchy of Secular Bankers. When look closely and see that the Saudi Royals, the British Royals, the Pan-Turkic Ultra Nationalists, the Zionists, the Reichists, the Pan-Syrians, the Kolob Masons, the Ku Klux Klan and American Imperial Project are all under the control Occultist Oligarchy of Secular Bankers then we understand that these are but frontmen and frontwomen.

Who are the Cults then?

So who are the Cults then? Polytheism, Anti-Religious Christianity and Atheism are the most obvious. But there are countless cults that go beyond this, and almost every Religion, including ours, has been through schisms that create brake offs that borders on the Occultism that, Religion itself, is the archenemy of.

Islam on Trial?

We Muslims must hold our selves to high standards and no government, syndicate or regime (especially not a corporation) has the right or honest ability to make us do so, unfortunately, the majority of Muslims remain heedless of their true purpose of life, engrossed in the mindless pursuit of pleasure. Muslims must stop wasting their time on useless activities like Movies and Start Reading the Quran and ask Allah in their prayer to show them the Truth and The Right Guidance. And its not as easy as just being a Muslim: That is a Blind Illusion that Muslims think "We are Pakke Janati"أَحَسِبَ ٱلنَّاسُ أَن يُتۡرَكُوٓاْ أَن يَقُولُوٓاْ ءَامَنَّا وَهُمۡ لَا يُفۡتَنُونَ (٢) وَلَقَدۡ فَتَنَّا ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ‌ۖ فَلَيَعۡلَمَنَّ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ صَدَقُواْ وَلَيَعۡلَمَنَّ ٱلۡكَـٰذِبِينَ (٣)

Do people think that they will be left alone because they say: "We believe," and will not be tested (2) And We indeed tested those who were before them? And Allâh will certainly make (it) known (the truth of) those who are true, and will certainly make (it) known (the falsehood of) those who are liars, (although Allâh knows all that before putting them to test). (3) And we think that just we will be in hell for a small number of time and then we will be in jannah: But this is not how it works there are conditions for that:

وَقَالُواْ لَن تَمَسَّنَا ٱلنَّارُ إِلَّآ أَيَّامً۬ا مَّعۡدُودَةً۬‌ۚ قُلۡ أَتَّخَذۡتُمۡ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ عَهۡدً۬ا فَلَن يُخۡلِفَ ٱللَّهُ عَهۡدَهُ ۥۤ‌ۖ أَمۡ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ (٨٠)

And they say: The Fire (of punishment) will not touch us save for a certain number of days. Say; "Have ye received a covenant from Allah - truly Allah will not break His covenant - or tell ye concerning Allah that which ye know not?" (80) Otherwise; it just means that if you are born Muslim then you are lucky, and you get a free ticket to jannat by being born in a Muslim family otherwise if you are not then your ducked. Wisdom in not Inherited. it is realized. Truth is not presented in a plate. Its fought for. Guidance is not found. One has to look for it.

It unfortunate that the common Muslim thin; k that this is only applicable to the Jews, even though it is applicable to everyone. And no one knows with any certainty who is dammed among Muslims and non-Muslims and no one knows with any certainty who is saved among Muslims and non-Muslims.

Yes, the whole surah bakrah mainly refers to the jews, but its main purpose is for Muslims.

Indeed it refers to Jews. But this verse applies for Muslims also. There for, the message is eternal.T he entire theme and purpose of stories in Quran is not for Bed time. Its for practicality.

Thats why i say Learn Quran and Hadith here ill give you another example. Same Surah it says referring to the jews:then do you believe in part of the Scripture.

And disbelieve in the rest?"

In reference, this verse is for the jews, but if a Muslim belives whatever he likes from the Quran and leaves whatever he dislikes.

So what do you say can he do that?? and if you show that Muslim this verse he could say it is referring to the jews and not us??? so where is the wisdom here???

Similarly, people come up and say this verse was relieved according to the context of Prophet(saw)'s time. This does not apply in today's world like "Parda" or any other law.

Therefore, : Wisdom comes from Submission to the creator.

Ok Here is another example with the one of most famous verses of Quran:

مِنۡ أَجۡلِ ذَٲلِكَ ڪَتَبۡنَا عَلَىٰ بَنِىٓ إِسۡرَٲٓءِيلَ أَنَّهُ ۥ مَن قَتَلَ نَفۡسَۢا بِغَيۡرِ نَفۡسٍ أَوۡ فَسَادٍ۬ فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَڪَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعً۬ا وَمَنۡ أَحۡيَاهَا فَڪَأَنَّمَآ أَحۡيَا ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعً۬ا‌ۚ وَلَقَدۡ جَآءَتۡهُمۡ رُسُلُنَا بِٱلۡبَيِّنَـٰتِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ كَثِيرً۬ا مِّنۡهُم بَعۡدَ ذَٲلِكَ فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ لَمُسۡرِفُونَ (٣٢)

Because of that We ordained for the Children of Israel that if anyone killed a person, not in retaliation of murder, or (and) to spread mischief in the land - it would be as if he killed all mankind, and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of all mankind. BY the WAY, this is also the Quran confirming the Talmud. http://sufi-sunniislam.blogspot.com/2011/02/muslims-who-reject-talmud-as-just-man.html

Now, if someone asked if this verse were referring to Children of Israel only i.e. "jews only not for Muslims". Therefore Muslims kill some one, it would not be as he killed all mankind, and if he saves a life it would not be as saving all mankind. Clearly in these days it is common among Muslims to apply this verse to the Jews as a verse for the Muslims as well, and no one gets upset we see in Muslims today.

  

Bayramiyyah Sultanate Authority

Bayramiyyah is large in Russia, Canada and America although mostly hidden.
Bayramiyyah is very close to Al Yatziban http://www.yatziban-jewry.blogspot.com/ a Jewish group, the closeness of this relationship is based on the fact that Yatziban Jews hold Muslims of Bayramiyyah to be the original Muslims. However due to the decline of the Bayramiyyah Sultanate rule over the Ummah of Muslims; Al Yatziban has declared independence from Islamic rule, Yatziban Jews believe that in order to protect their own from Capitalism, Communism, Fascism, Globalism, Nationalism, Americanism, Islamism, Zionism, Pan-Arab Nationalism and any trends of Judeophobia they must not rely on the protection of Islam that they used to enjoy and if we are truthful they are very justified because we are well aware that Bayramiyyah is the oldest most preserved Salafiyyah, thus we need to understand that those Islamic groups who are illiterate to the old customs of Al Yatziban, Rastafari, Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy make Ahl-Al-Kitab feel uneasy about FAKE-Salafiyyah who would treat them with unfairness. Those who are part of Al Yatziban are converting non-Muslims to Noahide faith and they are converting those they believe to be spiritual ites to Judaism, they are also converting ancient Israelis to Judaism and they are converting many of our Jewish reverts back into Judaism, in context we may think this is heresy but this is not the case, remember Al Yatziban does not believe Muslims should convert to Judaism under any circumstances unless of course these Muslims were Jewish reverts to Islam, we are of course referring to the descendants of Jewish reverts to Islam more than we are talking about new reverts. Many of the Yatziban Jewish leadership feel that the hypocritical Wahabbists control Salafiyyah, this is not completely true or completely false. The Al Hadith Muslims are increasing while the Wahabbists are decreasing. But the truth is Wahabbists are in the same field as Freemasons and Jesuits. The Wahabbist fraternity-lodges are much like the Jesuit fraternity-lodges, hypocritical and oppressive. The Al Hadith sect has challenged us repetitively in the manner of which religions we recolonize as religions, they have major criticisms towards us for our acceptance of Bahá'í Faith and Non Theism. The Non Theists developed in due to the conditions around them, this is what happens when Secularism and Humanism dominates society, you end up with those who find it impossible to believe in God and yet can not out rule the existence of Fate and/or Nature. The Non Theist http://www.facebook.com/groups/NonTheist/ is recognizable as a religion, it was painted by the cultures around it, many of the Non Theists feel that God is a principle, this is not true disbelief(Atheism) and this is not Skepticism(Agnosticism) this is the result of those who lack the awareness of faith and the wisdom it holds, this is a phenomenon that needs correction, but that correction can never be forced. The epidemic of Atheism came originally as the result of Western Christianity and all the negative feelings it has given much of it's own adherents. Agnostics typically see Atheism as just another religion and believe that it is nothing more than the opposite extreme of theism, this is because Agnostics feel that Atheism is the unprovable statement that God does not exist and that Theism is the unprovable statement that God exists. It should be mentioned that our Al Hadith brothers do not understand why we can recognize an Atheist as a Muslim or a Agnostic as a Muslim, what they do not realize is that Muslim-atheists and Muslim-agnostics are typically what we call the Liberal Sufi-Sunni Muslims this is also were Muslim-homosexuals and Muslim-lesbians too although sometimes Muslim-homosexuals and Muslim-lesbians fit into the category of Contemporary-Sunni Sufis, this subject may very. Suhrawariyya is part of Contemporary Sufi-Sufism and not part Salafiyyah, yet some of the Suhrawariyyah make up the adherents to Liberal Sufi-Sunni Islam. Ba'Alawi tarqa is one hundred percent Liberal Sufi-Sunni Islam. The Badawiyyah was founded in the thirteenth century in Egypt by Ahmad al-Badawi (1199-1276)  As a tarika, the Badawiyyah lacks any distinct doctrines and typically borrows from Sufi Philosophy basic Sunni fatwahs as well as Qadiri (non-Bayrami category) teachings; this grouping counts as Liberal Sufi-Sunni Islam, this grouping is misunderstood and unfortunately remains subject to the censure of the Ulama.  It was, however, extremely popular during both the Mamluk and Ottoman periods of Egypt. Mamluk Sultans often supported elaborate 'Mawlids' at the resting place of Sheikh Ahmed al-Badawi (or Seyyid Badawi as he is more commonly known) in the Nile Delta town of Tanta. The Bahá'í Faith is a monotheistic religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth century Iran, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind. There are an estimated five to six million Bahá'ís around the world in more than 200 countries and territories. The Bahá'í Faith emerged in a land that has been mostly dominated by the Shia and this is the primary reason why Bayrami Salafiyyah refuse to condemn it as a falsehood. And yes it is true that according to Bayramiyyah, Homosexuals and Lesbians should never convert to Islam, however it is also true that if someone was born into the Deen of Islam and that person just happens to be Homosexual or Lesbian then said/Muslim is not just outright rejected. And indeed it is also true that any one who is part of Bayramiyyah is forbidden to partake in any non-heterosexual activities. What many do not know is that any Sufi-Sunni Muslim who was born into this Deen that is of Homosexual or Lesbian orientation that is outside of Bayramiyyah is not condemned by Bayramiyyah. Bayramiyyah also recognizes Al Yatziban as the oldest chain of Judaism just as Al Yatziban recognizes Bayramiyyah as the oldest chain of Islam. Bayramiyyah also recognizes that Al Yatziban has authoritative say in historic context as long as is does not conflict with Bayramiyyah, this is why Bayramiyyah reconizes that Rastafari is the Sabean religion. And make no mistake about it was propositions and proposals Bayramiyyah that started the United Religionist Confederacy http://www.unitedreligionistconfederacy.blogspot.com/ this we know was the right thing to do in the struggling circumstances of the Global crisis of today with all the Globalism and Nationalism that is killing not just Islam but all religions. We as Muslims can not afford the hypocrisy has thus on us by Nationalism, yet at the same time we are now forced to use Nationalism as a wepon against Globalism. Nationalism is not compatible with Islamic-politics, Islamic-politics is only expressed in genuinely in the Bayrami-Sultanate and Bayrami-Caliphate better know as the in the West as the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire was not an Empire in it's first period, it became an empire in it's second period. The remnants of the Bayramiyyah Sultanate Authority that dominate the TRUE-Ottoman leadership are in Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia and Bangladesh, so far only Pakistan on it's National level is coming to terms with Bayramiyyah Sultanate Authority, but this is only in part there is another part of Pakistan who holds egotistical opposition against Bayramiyyah Sultanate Authority, in general Pakistan is divided. It is important to understand that there is only one Ummah and that the Ummah is not an Empire, and it's also to be noted the Ummah is not a government nor is the Ummah some kind of Islamic-leadership. The Ummah is the entirety of all Muslims. Thus it is much easier to assume the position of a basic Emir or indeed have several Emirs. The Ummah should not be confused with the Sultanate or the Caliphate. The Ummah is the entirety of all Muslims just as the Church is the entirety of all Christians and just as Church is the entirety of all Christians LIKEWISE Israel is the entirety of all Jews. Jews can not be a Nation-state and neither can Muslims be a Nation-state, to best understand Islamic-politics it is best understood by holding it up to Jewish politics on a historic level, and the reason for this is that the Jews were are the remnant the original-Muslims. The Caliphate can be compared to the Kingdom of Israel - Malkhut Yisroel founded by the Prophets; King David and King Solomon. The Sultanate can be compared to the Land of Israel - Eretz Yisroel founded by the Judges forming a confederation of territories untied by a Judge or Judges. In a Caliphate you have the Caliph who acts upon the laws of God to enable justice and insuring peace and fairness for men and women as well. This is also why we know that Jewish-politics and Zionism are opposite of each other because in today's age Israel is in exile and the pillars to their Caliphate are very much gone, this is also why it is treason to hold more favor on Karaite Jews, Karaites are the Jewish equivalent to the Shi'a. Zionism flourishes stronger in Karaite-politics whereas in Rabbinical-politics (when followed) Zionism is impossible to uphold. The Jews of Muhammad's time were Rabbinical and the Talmud is the Hadith of Musa, yet sadly it is the tendency of Sunni Muslims(many NOT all & clearly NOT most) to hold up Karaites as the truer-Jews, this is blasphemous thinking in it self because it's clear that what survives of the Hadith of Musa is in the Babylonian Talmud, the Jerusalem Talmud and the Tosefta. It is also clear that Karaites have no unifying Jewish-Aqīdah whereas the Rabbis do. Sunni Muslims are not very good at answering the question put forth to them by the Sha'i "Why did you kill the Prophet's grandson?" and this is because Sunni Muslims reject Taṣawwuf and as a result they have inherently flawed behavior. Taṣawwuf was a word developed to distinguish TRUE-Sunni Muslims from these deviaters. As for the concept of Taṣawwuf it was practiced by Muhammad himself. The Aqīdah of Bayramiyyah is called Vasiyyetname. Vasiyyetname says seventy thousand Jews of Isphahan will join Dajjal, according to the late Imam Yosef Kaba Bin Sujiman these are Karaites.
   
Islamism is NOT a genuine alternative to Islamic-politics
Pan-Arab Nationalism is the only thing worse than Islamism.
The genuine alternatives to Islamic-politics are . . .   
National Cosmopolitanality https://www.facebook.com/groups/NationalCosmopolitanality/
Religionism https://www.facebook.com/groups/ExplainingReligionism/ under a Religionist Confederacy https://www.facebook.com/groups/UnitedReligionistConfederacy/
Communitarian Anarchism https://www.facebook.com/groups/CommunitarianAnarchism/
and https://www.facebook.com/groups/PeopleSocialFreedomMovement/
Azzaam Abdul-Hakeem seems to upset many Muslims because he takes a strong stance against Salaffiyyah. What most do not realize is that Azzaam Abdul-Hakeem has never met any real Salaffiyah he keeps encountering Sectarian Pseudo-Salafists usually the Muwahhidun type whom he has rightfully referred to as Khawarij over and over again. Many leaders of  Bayrami Salafiyyah have sought contact with Azzaam Abdul-Hakeem but to many members of the House of Saud seek to block any contact we attempt to make.
Some of the youth say that there is an attempt to make Azzaam into a extremist and co/opt his every operation. But we must trust in Allah and hope he hears us. And yet another point of interest is that many seem to mistake Azzam as being tied to Pan-Arab Nationalism, this not true if anything Azzaam is tied to the Arab Nationalism of Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein. According to Herbert Dillon it is Azzaam who has properly expressed the Patriotic Nationalism that Fredrick Danson said had to exist in order to protect every Religion, Culture, and Nation from both Globalism and typical versions of Nationalism.

The Sunni/Shia sectarian divide is deeply rooted in Islamic history, on the one hand the Sunni argument is based on the Hadith and the Shia argument would seem to fail because of this, however the Sunni side of this conflict lost much of it's credibility by murdering the grandson of the Prophet and this is one of the major separating between Sufi-Sunni Islam and Sunni Islam.

Bayramiyyah sets the major standard for what counts as Hadith for Sufi-Sunni Islam. Shiʻa and Sunni, have different sets of Hadith collections and Sunni Islam has almost the exact same Cannon that Sufi-Sunni Islam has. Bayramiyyah sets Quran, Sunnah then Hadith as first in authority after that comes the writings of Imam Birgivi then finally the writings of Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani.  
When the Great Saint Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani contradicts the Quran and Sunna/Hadith then his writings are bypassed, Al Hadith Muslims quite often ask Bayrami Muslims how Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani does not contradict Quran and Sunna/Hadith and the unchanging answer to this is that mystery of this was solved by the last Great Saint Imam Birgivi. It is from Imam Birgivi that the harmony of Quran and Sunna/Hadith is revealed on track with the writings of Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani.  
Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani's writings are many and Bayramiyyah makes the reprinting of them all mandatory, but the ones that are mandatory for study are as follows; Sirr al-asrar(the Secret of Secrets),  Futuh al-Ghaib(Revelations of the Unseen), Al-Fath ar-Rabbani(The Sublime Revelation), Jala' al-Khawatir(The Removal of Cares),  Malfuzat(Utterances of Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir),  Al-Ghunya li-Talibi Tariq al-Haqq(Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth), Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban(Fifteen Letters), Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniyya(Emanations of Lordly Grace) and Bashair al-Khairat(Glad Tidings of Good Things) 

Imam Birgivi's writings are many and Bayramiyyah makes the reprinting of them all mandatory, but the ones that are mandatory for study are as follows; Vasiyyetname(The Last Will and Testament) and Al-Tariqah Al-Muhammadiyyah(The Path of Muhammad)



When dealing the other religions it is important to make sure that we do not offend or assume that we are better than them to do so is against Islam. One of the primary reasons why we are not ready for the Caliphate is that Extremists who hate the Freedom of Religion granted in a Caliphate will do everything they can to undermined the Sharia so that Freedom of Religion is outlawed even though it is part of Shariah to have it. If a non-Muslim can not pay a tax we do not persecute them and today almost all Muslims have forgotten this.     

The reason why we recognize other faiths should not have to be explained, yet due to the bida coming out out of the World today, we need to reaffirm how it was Islam that promoted Freedom of Religion.
We need to make our message mandatory throughout the Muslim world that we can and will fight imperialists yet we will never promote the falsehoods of Islamism. Many ask why we embrace the Islamic Republic of Iran even though we reject Islamism and our answer to this is very simple, the answer of course is that we do not embrace the Islamic Republic of Iran rather we except the existence of Islamic Republic of Iran for reasons of mutual survival. Yet what also needs to be made abundantly clear is that the Islamic Republic of Iran is not Islamist at all, the Islamic Republic of Iran may base it's government on Political Islam, however Political Islam is NOT Islamism. Islamism is the merging of Muwahhidun sectarianism with Statism.
The system of the Caliphate is a Government system of moralist World-community Federation.
Political Islam is a Socialist tacit movement for Muslim dominated counties like Iran.
The amusing thing is although the word Socialist may not be used by our Emirs the fact that every World Religion is Socialist in the economic concept is undisputed except by American members of the world Religions. Surviving in the Modern World of Secular supremacy for most non-Sufi Sunni Muslims means that only Socialism and Democracy can work, and as long as this does not mean Marxism or National-socialism Sufi-Sunni Muslims may even to some extent agree given the approach.
Political Islam works works better with the Shi'a and not so much with the Sunni nor the Sufi.
Sufi-Sunni Islam does have a idea for Political Islam and this of course would be very Socialistic in nature, the idea is the Reconstructed Ottoman Sultanate, although Sufi-Sunni Islam is geared against pragmatism Sufi-Sunni Islam utopianism thus why Sufi-Sunni Muslims are willing to tolerate Nationalism to some extent.
The Reconstructed Ottoman Sultanate has zero tolerance for Islamism.
Islamism is fundamentally a Western ideology, just as the Saudi Royals that back Islamism are Western.

The aggravation of Nationalism and Globalism: 
Patriotic Nationalism is the idea that Nationalism can be distinct from Nationality, that is to say that, Patriotic Nationalism can recognize the difference between the Nation-state and National-identity.
Nationalism is problematic for Muslims because it fuses the Nation with the State.
Nationalism does not correlate with Islam.
Fredrick Danson had stated to the United Religionist Confederacy that both Country and Territory have something in common, what these have in common is that they are both grouping of people on land.
Fredrick Danson also stated that the difference between Country and Territory is that country is defined as a grouping of people on a Sovereign land of Civilization yet territory is defined as a grouping of people on a land that is without civilized sovereignty this such as Patriarchal territory or Tribal territory. 
According to Fredrick Danson a State is when people are property of their own country.
Fredrick Danson also maintained that Nationalism was setup to marginalize loyalists of moralist society and overthrow religious unity, yet Fredrick Danson also maintained that the very same people who started Nationalism no longer benefit from Nationalism and this is why Globalism is taking it's place in the World.
Many things could be said about Fredrick Danson yet he was a good friend to the United Religionist Confederacy and it was agreed that Globalism is such a threat that some form of Nationalism is necessary to ensure a separation of powers worldwide until Globalism can be destroyed, the only form of Nationalism that can do is Patriotic Nationalism and to explain this something must be explained concerning Patriotic Nationalism.      

Patriotic Nationalism:
First it is important to explain Patriotism: 
So according to Fredrick Danson Patriotism is 

truth v.s lie

1Sufi-Sunni Islam:

2dealing with gy mslimi

3knowing who to trust

4

5

How to Become a Muslim

http://www.islam.com/ The steps a person needs to take to accept Islam as his/her religion.

The word “Muslim” means one who submits to the will of God, regardless of their race, nationality or ethnic background. Becoming a Muslim is a Life Time irreversible choice and it is highly recommenced, Islam is the one pure, unadulterated religion. One may convert alone in privacy, or he/she may do so in the presence of others.

The Introduction to Islam is something to make mention of before converting anyone to the pure, unadulterated religion.

#1 Forced Conversions are not true conversions: this action is blasphemy.

#2 You will be expected to diligently follow the Qur'an and Sunnah and put these codes above all others.

#3 You can't be a Nationalist. This does not mean you must betray a Nation you are a Citizen of; however, you should know nationality is trivial in Islam, Nationality is Oppression, Islam is Liberation.

#4 Islam is not Homophobic, or against Homosexuals and anyone who disagrees is lying or has false assumptions of Islamic life. But the actions of Homosexuality are strictly Prohibited in Islam: it interferes with with Allah's master plan of procreation, and disturbs the actions that are Halal.

#5 Islam comes with the Halal Dietary Laws. This dietary Law can not be Compromised if your found in a strange situation that's forces you to do otherwise, place speak to you Local Imam about it. Under no circumstances unless except for the Shariah listing is alcohol ever permissible, Alcohol is a dangerous and evil intoxicant, if your an alcoholic, please, seek Help from a recovery or rehab.

#6 Islam has limitations on Music and Dance. Folk dancing is strictly prohibited as are several forms of Dace and Music. Art is not Forbidden, but there are Strict Rules that must be Followed. For instance, pictures or statues of Humans and other living things are strictly forbidden in Islam even if they are not being Worshiped.

#7 By Accepting Islam, you leave the Life you Knew behind, this is the Pure, Unadulterated Religion. It is uncompromisable: if you enter into Islam you must enter all the Way.

If anyone has a real desire to be a Muslim and has full conviction and strong belief that Islam is the true religion of God, then, all one needs to do is pronounce the “Shahada”, the testimony of faith, without further delay. The “Shahada” is the first and most important of the five pillars of Islam.

With the pronunciation of this testimony, or “Shahada”, with sincere belief and conviction, one enters the fold of Islam. Upon entering the fold of Islam purely for the Pleasure of God, all one's previous sins are forgiven, and one starts a new life of piety and righteousness. The Prophet said to a person who had placed the condition upon the Prophet in accepting Islam that God would forgive his sins:

“Do you not know that accepting Islam destroys all sins which come before it?” (Saheeh Muslim)

When one accepts Islam, they, in essence, repent from the ways and beliefs of their previous life. One need not be burdened by sins committed before their acceptance; the person’s record is "cleaned", like he was just born from his mother’s womb. One should try as much as possible to keep his records clean and strive to do as many good deeds as possible. The Holy Qur'an and Hadith (prophetic sayings) both stress the importance of following Islam. God states:

“... The only religion in the sight of God is Islam...” (Quran 3:19)

In another verse of the Holy Quran, God states:

“If anyone desires a religion other than Islam, never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter, he will be in the ranks of those who have lost (their selves in the Hellfire),” (Quran 3:85).

In another saying, Muhammad, the Prophet of God, said:

“Whoever testifies that there in none worthy of being worshipped but God, Who has no partner, and that Muhammad is His slave and Prophet and that Jesus is the Slave of God, His Prophet, and His word that He bestowed in Mary and a spirit created from Him; and that Paradise (Heaven) is true, and that the Hellfire is true, God will eventually admit him into Paradise, according to his deeds,” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari).

The Prophet of God, may the blessing and mercy of God upon him, also reported:

“Indeed God has forbidden to reside eternally in Hell the person who says: “I testify that none has the right to worship except Allah (God),’ seeking the Face of God.” (Saheeh Al-Bukhari)

THE DECLARATION OF THE TESTIMONY (SHAHADA) TO CONVERT TO ISLAM AND BECOME A MUSLIM A PERSON NEEDS TO PRONOUNCE THE BELOW TESTIMONY WITH CONVICTION AND UNDERSTANDING ITS MEANING:

I testify “La ilah illa Allah, Muhammad rasoolu Allah.”

The translation of which is:

“I testify that there is no true god (deity) but God (Allah) and that Muhammad is a Messenger (Prophet) of God.”

When someone pronounces the testimony with conviction, then he/she has become a Muslim. It can be done alone, but it is easier done with an adviser so that we may aid you and provide you with resources for new Muslims. Listings can be found online or even in a phone book.

The first part of the testimony consists of the most important truth that God revealed to mankind: that there is nothing divine or worthy of being worshiped except for Almighty God. God states in the Holy Qur'an: “We did not send the Messenger before you without revealing to him: none has the right to be worshiped except, I, therefore, worship Me,’” (Quran 21:25).

This conveys that all forms of worship, whether it is praying, fasting, invoking, seeking refuge in, and offering an animal as sacrifice, must be directed to God and to God alone. Directing any form of worship to other than God (whether it is an angel, a messenger, Jesus, Muhammad, a saint, an idol, the sun, the moon, a tree) is seen as a contradiction to the fundamental message of Islam, and it is an unforgivable sin unless it is repented from before one dies. All forms of worship must be directed to God only.

Worship means the performance of deeds and sayings that please God, things which He commanded or encouraged to be performed, either by direct textual proof or by analogy. Thus, worship is not restricted to the implementation of the five pillars of Islam, but also includes every aspect of life. Providing food for one’s family, and saying something pleasant to cheer a person up are also considered acts of worship, if such is done with the intention of pleasing God. This means that to be accepted all acts of worship must be carried out sincerely for the sake of God alone.

The second part of the testimony means that Prophet Muhammad is the servant and is the chosen messenger of God. This implies that one obeys and follows the commands of the Prophet. One must believe in what he has said, practice his teachings and avoid what he has forbidden. One must worship God according to his teaching alone, for all the teachings of the Prophet were revelations and inspirations conveyed to him, by God.

One must try to mold their lives and character and emulate the Prophet, as he was a living example for humans to follow. God says:

“And indeed you are upon a high standard of moral character,” (Quran 68:4).

God also said:

“And in deed you have a good and upright example in the Messenger of God, for those who hope in the meeting of God and the Hereafter, and mentions God much,” (Quran 33:21).

He was sent to implement the Quran, in his saying, deeds, legislation and all other facets of life. Aisha, the wife of the Prophet, when asked about the character of the Prophet, replied:

“His character was that of the Quran.” (As-Suyooti)

To adhere truly to the second part of the Shahada is to follow his example in all walks of life. God says: “Say (O Muhammad to mankind [be careful how you say O Muhammad be sure it's never out of context ]): ‘If you (really) love God, then follow me,’” (Quran 3:31). It also means that Muhammad is the Final Prophet and Messenger of God and that no (true) Prophet can come after him. “Muhammad is not the father of any man among you, but he is the Messenger of God and the last of the Prophets, and God is Ever All-Aware of everything.” (Quran 33:40) All who claim to be prophets or receive revelation after Muhammad are imposters, and to acknowledge them would be tantamount to disbelief. We welcome you to Islam, congratulate you on your decision, and will try to help you in any way we can.

http://www.islam.com/

This is Sufi-Sunni Islam

We question the full integrity of Shia Islam, Gnostic Christianity and Karaite Judaism.

However, this does not mean we are against these groups or think they need to be destroyed, in fact, it is this attitude that leads us in to darkness. Loosing Mercy will be to devastating. Losing sight of how Salafi and Ṭarīqah are balanced will also destroy the survival for Qadiryyah which in turn destroys the survival of the whole Muslim World. We the Sufi-Sunni Muslims of Qadiriyyah, Suhrawardiyya, Ba'Alawi tarqa and Badawiyyah have come to the problem of persevering the Oldest of us The Qadiriyyah. To do this, we need Muslims to Keep Qur'an and Sunnah, then we need every Muslim to have the full Six Strong Hadiths in all their volumes. Then We need every Muslim to have Vasiyyetname and Al-Tariqah Al-Muhammadiyah. By this Sufi-Sunni Islam is Persevered it is also by this that the 4 Shariah Schools will be Restored.

Proposal from the Sufi-Sunni Muslims in May of 2001 to The Real Wicca Church in Phoenix Arizona.

Proposal from the Sufi-Sunni Muslims in May of 2001 to The Real Wicca Church in Phoenix Arizona.

In May of 2001, the Sufi-Sunni Muslims gave the Real Wicca Church in Phoenix Arizona a very generous offer.

This was before the Patriot Act that limits the Freedom of Americans.

The Imam Yosef Kaba Bin Sujiman of Mesa Ottoman Center met with Lady Luna the Wiccan High Priestess of The Firebird Real Wicca Church.

It was explained that Shariah was the First System to guarantee Freedom of Religion as The highest and most uncompromising Human Right, Imam Yoseph Kaba Bin Sujiman openly told Lady Luna that he believed that Polygamy was not a sin and that homosexuality was an abomination. Lady Luna proclaimed that she believed that homosexuality was proof we are made in the image of Goddess and God and, therefore, we are not animals.

She went further to explained all forms of group sex and polygamy were an abomination in Wicca.

Imam Yoseph Kaba Bin Sujiman and Lady Luna recognized each other that they were Both Religions and not Cults.

An agreement was Made that Under the Umbrella of Islam Wicca would be allowed to practice all of it's religious rites, without fear of persecution they went to New York City to meet with Rav Jason Huston the Grand Master of the Rasta KenFolk.

And spent the rest of the Year in New York City until September 11 2001 when they both died in the Trade Center. They were eating Halal foods discussing their disapproval of capitalism while going over the dark past of the The United states of America.

Neo-Nazis terrorists destroyed several Religious Centers in 2004 and 2005, most of them were Islamic. Sadly, the Firebird Real Wicca Church was burnt down.

Much earlier than that the Mesa Ottoman Center was blown up by a Neo-Nazi terrorist a member of the Aryan nation. No News coverage was given that was 3 weeks after the Towers were destroyed in 2001.

On True Islam

So What is the Difference Between Sufi Muslim, Sufi-Sunni Muslim and Sufi?

Difference between the Sufi, the Sufi-Sunni Muslim and the Sufi Muslim is not really explained on Wikipedia.

One of the Primary aims of this Note is to try to correct severe errors of the Sufi in General.

The Very words Sufi or Sufism can be Quite Misleading to those who don't understand the Flexible Principles of Tasawwuf.

Generally a Sufi could be Sunni Muslim, Shia Muslim, neither or both. In creation causes the Sufi is even non-Muslim entirely.

Sufis or Dervishes are mystics with Islamic based principles taking the message of Fatwah System of Rumi to a strictly literal level.

Although this is not an evil religion in any way, it is, however, not pure in Islam. This is what the word Sufism should mean in the correct context.

Sufi Muslims were originally Shia Muslims who were later denounced by the Shia this is What became Sufi Islam

Sufi Islam, as a result, has almost completely stepped out of Shia Islam to the point were they can't even be called Shia.

The Word Sufi is a Newer Term for a Type of Aramaic Mystic that is Traceable to Abraham.

Sufi whirling is not Prohibited in Qur'an, Sunnah or Hadith and all Four Shariah Schools of Thought interpretation of

Qur'an, Sunnah and Hadith differ in ever Shariah Train of Thought.

The correct Arabic Word for Sufi is Tasawwuf, The True Hebrew word for Sufi is Yavufi.

The old Hebrew word Yavufi is Related to the Hebrew word Ivrit. Ivrit is the Hebrew word for Hebrew.

By definition, the first Hebrew was Abraham.

The Arabic Word for Sufi-Sunni Muslim is

Al Qur'an Al Sunnah Al Hadith Al Shariah Al Tasawwuf Moo'slim.

Or Al Qur'an Al Sunnah Al Hadith Al Shariah Al Tasawwuf Al Fatwah Muslim.

In English, this is rendered Sufi-Sunni Muslim.

Sufi-Sunni Islam uses all Four shariah Schools of thought. Variety is most encouraged in Sufi-Sunni Islam, long as balance and void of contradiction can be maintained all Fatwah of Sufi-Sunni Islam is filtered through Sufi saints mostly Rumi.

The words of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi or Rumi are interpreted strictly in accordance with first Shariah, and then Pre-Muhammad Tasawwuf mystic thought, which is mostly found in ancient Abrahamic Tradition. This is in some Tasawwuf archives, but, to a limited extent, Rumi's philosophy is the foundation of Bida Sufism and his personal opinions do not represent Tasawwuf archives. He emerged at a time of major corruption in the Islamic World so he represents an Abrahamic Renewalist rather than a Muslim.

This Ultra Orthodox form of Islam is the Both a Spiritual and an intensely strict one. The things separating Sufi-Sunni Islam from other Sufi Paths is the Fact that this is a Very Strict and Fundamental form of Sunni Islam and, therefore, Sufi-Sunni Muslims believe that War can be necessary at times, unlike other Sufi Paths.

Sufi-Sunni Islam is Deeply Rooted in all four Shariah Schools of thought so the Qur'an, Sunnah and Hadith are both flexible and uncompromisable as was Muhammad. Yet they find other Sunni Sects to be either rigged or irreligious. Yet because, they deeply Believe in compassionate Love for All as well as Acceptance for all religions of honorable virtue they also acknowledge Other Sunni Branches of Islam, (to an extent).

Sufi-Sunni Islam is the OLD-Ottoman Religion of Islam, but it completely predates The Rise of the Ottoman it is also the Religion of Muhammad himself.

Sufi-Sunni Muslims will Recognize Sufis and Sufi Muslims as religions of honorable virtue, but not the Same is provided for Shia although Shia are given Religious Relights they are not even considered honorable, vitreous or even Muslim, and; therefore, Eastern Christians, Jews and Sabeans are given Higher Status. The Shi'ites are called the Sectarian Muslims of Religious innovation. Never the less they are treated Humanly by Sufi-Sunni Muslims. Surprisingly The Voice of Sufi-Sunni Islam concerning Wahhabi Islam; "Wahhabi are thought of as true Sunni Muslims despite the rigidity in their errors, in interpretation of various texts, and the primary reason for this is they know and understand that the deviation of Al Shia is one of danger for the whole of Muslim society". This is one of the Few things that Sufi-Sunni Muslims and Wahhabi Muslims agree on.

SURVIVING BRANCHES OF SUFI-SUNNI ISLAM

The fall of the Ottoman Empire was devastating to it's Primary Religion Sufi-Sunni Islam. This caused friction throughout the East that continues today. The Ṭarīqah of a Sufi-Sunni Muslim determines his awareness of Valor and Peace. Most every ṭarīqah is determined by the Sufi-Sunni Islamic Orders, many of which have been wiped out. Yet not only has Sufi-Sunni Islam survived, it is regaining it's numbers both because of Shariah restoration and because of popularity of Ottoman Restoration.

#1 Qadiriyyah the Oldest and largest Sufi-Sunni Islamic Order is a Salafi Group it is also the Only Salafi Mystic Order. #2 Suhrawardiyya #3 Ba'Alawi tarqa and #4 Even the Badawiyyah are a Sufi-Sunni Islamic Order that survives in large numbers too but this Branch is in Hiding collecting proofs from the old Orders of Old Ottoman Unity targeted by Pan-Turkism.

Ṭarīqah Community of Qadiriyyah can be found in Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Balkans and Morocco.

Qadiriyyah is reemerging in Turkey. The Turkish Republic is unhappy about this because not only has it gained respect from Sunni Muslims who are joining, but Eastern Christians and Sephardi Jews have been endorsing them. Possibly Restoration of the Qadiriyyah Ottoman Caliphate is seen as a threat to Pan-Turkism recondition of Armenian Genocide is not something Turkey is in favor of and the Qadiriyyah Ottoman Caliphiyyah recognize this Genocide, and they have kept many records about it.

Qadiriyyah teaches it's Students that Pan-Arabism (in that is included Pan-Turkism, Pan-Balkanism and Pan-Mideasternism) is from Satan and potentially worse than Zionism. Qadiriyyah teaches that the Armenian Genocide really did Happen and that Pan-Turkism is to Blame. The Republic of Turkey is very upset with Qadiriyyah and fear Revolt from its Turkish Citizens.

Qadiriyyah are Old-Ottoman Loyalists and are vocal Anti-Pan Nationalists they are setting up the Salafi Mystic Caliphate in Pakistan and Indonesia this Revised Ottoman System is still underground.

They are also in China, but because China forbids religion, and Qadiriyyah preach freedom of Religion as one of the highest principals of Shariah, they are hunted. The have the respect of almost every sect of Buddhism. Qadiriyyah is also not very welcome by China because Chinese Government strongly enforces Atheism.

Armenian Genocide

The Armenian Genocide happened. It's not up for debate.

What's happening today in Gaza is not up for debate and the Holocaust is not up for debate.

The Armenian Genocide (Armenian: Հայոց Ցեղասպանություն, translit.: Hayoc’ C’eġaspanout’youn; Turkish: Ermeni Soykırımı and Ermeni Kıyımı)—also known as the Armenian Holocaust, the Armenian Massacres and, by Armenians, as the Great Crime (Մեծ Եղեռն, Mec Yeġeṙn, Armenian pronunciation: [mɛts jɛˈʁɛrn])—refers to the deliberate and systematic destruction of the Armenian population of the Pan-Turkists who hijacked Ottoman Empire during and just after World War I. It was implemented through wholesale massacres and deportations, with the deportations consisting of forced marches under conditions designed to lead to the death of the deportees. The total number of resulting Armenian deaths is generally held to have been between one and one and a half million. Other ethnic groups were similarly attacked by the Ottoman Empire during this period, including Assyrians and Greeks, and some scholars consider those events to be part of the same policy of extermination.

It is widely acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides, as scholars point to the systematic, organized manner in which the killings were carried out to eliminate the Armenians, and it is the second most-studied case of genocide after the Holocaust. The word genocide was coined in order to describe these events.

The starting date of the genocide is conventionally held to be April 24, 1915, the day that Ottoman authorities arrested some 250 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders in Constantinople. Thereafter, the Ottoman military uprooted Armenians from their homes and forced them to march for hundreds of miles, depriving them of food and water, to the desert of what is now Syria. Massacres were indiscriminate of age or gender, with rape and other sexual abuse commonplace. The majority of Armenian diaspora communities were founded as a result of the Armenian genocide.

The Republic of Turkey, the successor state of the Ottoman Empire, denies the word genocide is an accurate description of the events (see, Denial of the Armenian Genocide). In recent years, it has faced repeated calls to accept the events as genocide. To date, twenty countries have officially recognized the events of the period as genocide, and most genocide scholars and historians accept this historic fact.

Armenia had largely come under Ottoman rule during the fifteenth and 16th centuries. The vast majority of Armenians, grouped together under the name Armenian millet (community), was concentrated in the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire, although significantly large communities were also found in the western provinces, as well as the capital Constantinople. With the exception of the empire's urban centers and the extremely wealthy, Constantinople-based Amira class, a social elite whose members included the Duzians (Directors of the Imperial Mint), the Balyans (Chief Imperial Architects) and the Dadians (Superintendent of the Gunpowder Mills and manager of industrial factories), most Armenians – approximately 70% of the population – lived in poor and dangerous conditions in the rural countryside.

There, the Armenians were subject to the whims of their Turkish and Kurdish neighbors, who would regularly overtax them, subject them to brigandage and kidnapping, force them to convert to Islam and otherwise exploit them without any interference from central or local authorities. In the Ottoman Empire, in accordance with the Sufi-Sunni Muslim system, they, like all other Christians, were accorded granted rights for freedoms under Shariah law(such as the right to worship).

Reform implementation, 1840s–1880s

Beginning in the mid-19th century, the three major European powers, Great Britain, France and Russia (known as the Great Powers), took issue with the Empire's system by westernization leading to rivalship causing the Rise of Pan-Turkism. Starting in 1839 and ending with the declaration of a constitution in 1876, the Ottoman government implemented a series of reforms, known as the Tanzimat, to emancipate non-Muslims, although these all proved largely ineffective. By the late 1870s, the Greeks, along with several countries of the Balkans, frustrated with their conditions, had, because of westernized pressure made deals with the Powers, with the new found destitution of Ottoman rule. Armenians, for the most part, remained passive during these years, earning them the title of millet-i sadika or the "loyal millet".

In the mid-1860s and early 1870s, the Armenians, inspired by the Enlightenment ideals of universal equality and civic rights, began to ask for better treatment from the Ottoman government. After amassing the signatures of peasants from Western Armenia (where the bulk of the Armenian population in the empire was concentrated), the Armenian Communal Council petitioned to the Ottoman government to redress the issues that the peasants complained about: "the looting and murder in Armenian towns by [Muslim] Kurds and Circassians, improprieties during tax collection, criminal behavior by government officials and the refusal to accept Christians as witnesses in trial". The Pan-Turkist government considered these grievances and promised to punish those responsible, though no such steps were taken.

Following the violent suppression of Christians in the uprisings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Serbia in 1875, the Great Powers invoked the 1856 Treaty of Paris by claiming that it gave them the right to intervene and protect the Ottoman Empire's Christian minorities. Under growing pressure, the government of Sultan Abdul Hamid II declared itself a constitutional monarchy (which was almost immediately prorogued) and entered into negotiations with the powers. At the same time, the Armenian patriarchate of Constantinople headed by Nerses II, forwarded Armenian complaints of widespread "forced land seizure ... forced conversion of women and children, arson, protection extortion, rape, and murder" to the Powers.

After the conclusion of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War, Armenians began to look more towards the Russian Empire as the ultimate guarantors of their security. Nerses approached the Russian leadership during its negotiations with the Ottomans in San Stefano and in the eponymous treaty, convinced them to insert a clause, Article 16, that stipulated that Russian forces occupying the Armenian provinces would only withdraw with the full implementation of Ottoman reforms. Great Britain was troubled with Russia holding on to so much Ottoman territory and forced it to enter into new negotiations with the convening of the Congress of Berlin on June 13, 1878. Armenians also entered into these negotiations and emphasized that they sought autonomy, not independence from the Ottoman Empire. They partially succeeded as Article 61 of the Treaty of Berlin contained the same text as Article 16 but removed any mention that Russian forces would remain in the provinces; instead, the Ottoman government was to periodically inform the Great Powers of the progress of the reforms.

Armenian national movement

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Armenians initiated their own campaign for autonomy following the example of Greece, Serbia and Bulgaria of national awakening and territorial independence. Armenian cultural consciousness accompanied with nationalism aimed at achieving a nation state inside Ottoman territories. Armenians organised politically in 1870s and soon after staged their first revolts. Already in June 1880 the British consul warned that the Armenian movement had started the purchase of weaponry and calling on the Armenian people to prepare. Ottoman authority was challenged in Zeitun in 1881 and reports from elsewhere describe allegations of Armenian plots and arrests of conspirators. During this period, numerous Armenian political organisations such as the Black Cross party of Van, the Armenaks, the Union of Armenian Patriots in Istanbul and the Defenders of the motherland movement in Erzurum were formed. The largest and most effective Armenian revolutionary organisations were established outside the Ottoman Empire in places such as Russia and Europe.

Hamidian Massacres, 1894–1896

Since 1876, the Ottoman state had been led by Sultan Abdul Hamid II. From the beginning of the reform period after the signing of the Berlin treaty, Hamid II attempted to stall their implementation and asserted that Armenians did not make up a majority in the provinces and that Armenian reports of abuses were largely exaggerated or false. In 1890, Hamid II created a paramilitary outfit known as the Hamidiye which was made up of Kurdish irregulars who were tasked to "deal with the Armenians as they wished". As Ottoman officials intentionally provoked rebellions (often as a result of over-taxation) in Armenian populated towns, such as in Sasun in 1894 and Zeitun in 1895–1896, these regiments were increasingly used to deal with the Armenians by way of oppression and massacre. In some instances, Armenians successfully fought off the regiments and brought the excesses to the attention of the Great Powers in 1895 who subsequently condemned the Porte. The Powers forced Hamid to sign a new reform package designed to curtail the powers of the Hamidiye in October 1895 which, like the Berlin treaty, was never implemented. On October 1, 1895, 2,000 Armenians assembled in Constantinople to petition for the implementation of the reforms but Ottoman police units converged towards the rally and violently broke it up. Soon, massacres of Armenians broke out in Constantinople and then engulfed the rest of the Armenian-populated provinces of Bitlis, Diyarbekir, Erzerum, Harput, Sivas, Trabzon and Van. Estimates differ on how many Armenians were killed, but European documentation of the violence, which became known as the Hamidian massacres, placed the figures from anywhere between 100,000–300,000 Armenians.

Although Hamid was never directly implicated in ordering the massacres, he was suspected of their tacit approval and of not acting to end them. Frustrated with European indifference to the massacres, Armenians from the Dashnaktsutiun political party seized the European-managed Ottoman Bank on August 26, 1896. This incident brought further sympathy for Armenians in Europe and was lauded by the European and American press, which vilified Hamid and painted him as the "great assassin" and "bloody Sultan". While the Great Powers vowed to take action and enforce new reforms, these never came into fruition due to conflicting political and economic interests.

Dissolution of the Empire and Rise of Pan-Turkism

Young Turk Revolution, 1908

On July 24, 1908, Armenians' hopes for equality in the empire brightened once more when a coup d'état staged by officers in the Turkish Third Army based in Salonika removed Abdul Hamid from power and restored the country back to a constitutional monarchy. The officers were part of the Young Turk movement that wanted to reform administration of the decadent state of the Ottoman Empire and modernize it to European standards. The movement was an anti-Hamidian coalition made up of two distinct groups: the secular liberal constitutionalists and the nationalists; the former was more democratic and accepted Armenians into their wing whereas the latter was more intolerant in regard to Armenian-related issues and their frequent requests for European assistance. In 1902, during a congress of the Young Turks held in Paris, the heads of the liberal wing, Sabahheddin Bey and Ahmed Riza, partially persuaded the nationalists to include in their objectives to ensure some rights to all the minorities of the empire.

Among the numerous factions of the Young Turks also included the political organization Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). Originally a secret society made up of army officers based in Salonika, the CUP proliferated amongst military circles as more army mutinies took place throughout the empire. In 1908, elements of the Third Army and the Second Army Corps declared their opposition to the Sultan and threatened to march on the capital to depose him. Hamid, shaken by the wave of resentment, stepped down from power as Armenians, Greeks, Arabs, Bulgarians and Turks alike rejoiced in his dethronement.

Adana Massacre, 1909

A countercoup took place on April 13, 1909. Some Ottoman military elements, joined by Islamic theological students, aimed to return control of the country to the Sultan and the rule of Islamic law. Riots and fighting broke out between the reactionary forces and CUP forces, until the CUP was able to put down the uprising and court-martial the opposition leaders. While the movement initially targeted the nascent Young Turk government, it spilled over into pogroms against Armenians who were perceived as having supported the restoration of the constitution. When Ottoman Army troops were called in, many accounts record that instead of trying to quell the violence they actually took part in pillaging Armenian enclaves in Adana province. 15,000–30,000 Armenians were killed in the course of the "Adana Massacre".

Armenian Genocide, 1915–1917 period

On November 2, 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers. The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I became the scene of action. The combatants were the Ottoman Empire, with some assistance from the other Central Powers, and primarily the British and the Russians among the Allies of World War I. The conflicts at the Caucasus Campaign, the Persian Campaign and the Gallipoli Campaign affected where the Armenian people lived in significant amounts. Before the declaration of war at the Armenian congress at Erzurum, the Ottoman government requested from Ottoman Armenians to facilitate the conquest of Transcaucasia by inciting a rebellion with the Russian Armenians against the tsarist army in the event of a Caucasus front.

Battle of Sarıkamı؛

On December 24, 1914 Minister of War Enver Pasha developed a plan to encircle and destroy the Russian Caucasus Army at Sarıkamı؛, to regain territories lost to Russia after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. Enver Pasha's forces were routed at the Battle of Sarikamis, and almost destroyed.

In the summer of 1914, Armenian volunteer units were established under the Russian Armed forces. As the Russian Armenian conscripts had already been sent to the European Front, this force was uniquely established from Armenians that were not Russian or who were not obligated to serve. An Ottoman representative, Karekin Bastermadjian (Armen Karo), was also brought into to this force. Initially they had 20,000 men, but it was reported that their number subsequently increased. Returning to Constantinople, Enver publicly blamed his defeat on Armenians in the region having actively sided with the Russians.

Labor battalions, February 25

On February 25, 1915, The War minister Enver Pasha sent an order to all military units that Armenians in the active Ottoman forces be demobilized and assigned to the unarmed Labour battalion (Turkish: amele taburlari). Enver Pasha explained this decision as "out of fear that they would collaborate with the Russians". As a tradition, the Ottoman Army drafted non-Muslim males only between the ages of 20 and 45 into the regular army. The younger (15–20) and older (45–60) non-Muslim soldiers had always been used as logistical support through the labor battalions. Before February, some of the Armenian recruits were utilized as laborers (hamals), though they would ultimately be executed.

Transferring Armenian conscripts from active field (armed) to passive, unarmed logistic section was an important aspect of the subsequent genocide. As reported in "The Memoirs of Naim Bey", the extermination of the Armenians in these battalions was part of a premeditated strategy on behalf of the Committee of Union and Progress. Many of these Armenian recruits were executed by local Turkish gangs.

Events at Van, April 1915

On April 19, 1915, Jevdet Bey demanded that the city of Van immediately furnish him 4,000 soldiers under the pretext of conscription. However, it was clear to the Armenian population that his goal was to massacre the able-bodied men of Van so that there would be no defenders. Jevdet Bey had already used his official writ in nearby villages, ostensibly to search for arms, which had turned into wholesale massacres. The Armenians offered five hundred soldiers and to pay exemption money for the rest in order to buy time, however, Djevdet accused Armenians of "rebellion," and spoke of his determination to "crush" it at any cost. "If the rebels fire a single shot," he declared, "I shall kill every Christian man, woman, and" (pointing to his knee) "every child, up to here".

On April 20, 1915, the armed conflict of the Van Resistance began when an Armenian woman was harassed, and the two Armenian men that came to her aid were killed by Turkish soldiers. The Armenian defenders protected 30,000 residents and 15,000 refugees in an area of roughly one square kilometer of the Armenian Quarter and suburb of Aigestan with 1,500 able bodied riflemen who were supplied with 300 rifles and 1,000 pistols and antique weapons. The conflict lasted until General Yudenich came to rescue them.

Similar reports reached Morgenthau from Aleppo and Van, prompting him to raise the issue in person with Talaat and Enver. As he quoted to them the testimonies of his consulate officials, they justified the deportations as necessary to the conduct of the war, suggesting that complicity of the Armenians of Van with the Russian forces that had taken the city justified the persecution of all ethnic Armenians.

Arrest and deportation of Armenian notables, April 1915

On April 24, 1915, the Red Sunday (Armenian: Կարմիր Կիրակի), was the night which the leaders of Armenians of the Ottoman capital, Constantinople, and later extending to other Ottoman centers were arrested and moved to two holding centers near Ankara by then minister of interior Mehmed Talat Bey with his order on April 24, 1915. These Armenians later deported with the passage of Tehcir Law on 29 May 1915. The date 24 April, Genocide Remembrance Day, commemorates the Armenian notables deported from the Ottoman capital in 1915, as the precursor to the ensuing events. Interior Minister Talat Pasha, who ordered the arrests.

Dardanelles)In his order, order on April 24, 1915, Talat claimed "have long been pursuing to gain an administrative autonomy and this desire is displayed once more, in no uncertain terms, with the inclusion of the Russian Armenians who have assumed a position against us together with the Daschnak Committee in no time in the regions of Zeytûn (Zeitun Resistance (1915)), Bitlis, Sivas, and Van (Van Resistance) in accordance with the decisions they have previously taken (Armenian congress at Erzurum)". By 1914, Ottoman authorities had already begun a propaganda drive to present Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire as a threat to the empire's security. An Ottoman naval officer in the War Office described the planning: In order to justify this enormous crime the requisite propaganda material was thoroughly prepared in Constantinople. [It included such statements as] "the Armenians are in league with the enemy. They will launch an uprising in Istanbul, kill off the Committee of Union and Progress leaders and will succeed in opening the straits (of the On the night of April 24, 1915, the Ottoman government rounded-up and imprisoned an estimated 250 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders. This date coincided with Allied troop landings at Gallipoli after unsuccessful Allied naval attempts to break through the Dardanelles to Constantinople in February and March 1915.


Triple Entente's reaction
On May 24, 1915, the Triple Entente warned the Ottoman Empire that "In view of these new crimes of Turkey against humanity and civilization, the Allied Governments announce publicly to the Sublime Porte that they will hold personally responsible for these crimes all members of the Ottoman Government, as well as those of their agents who are implicated in such massacres."
Eitan Belkind was a Nili member, who infiltrated the Ottoman army as an official. He was assigned to the headquarters of Kamal Pasha. He claims to have witnessed the burning of 5,000 Armenians.
Lt. Hasan Maruf, of the Ottoman army, describes how a population of a village were taken all together, and then burned. The Commander of the Third Army Vehib's 12-page affidavit, which was dated 5 December 1918, was presented in the Trabzon trial series (March 29, 1919) included in the Key Indictment, reporting such a mass burning of the population of an entire village near Mush. that in Bitlis, Mus and Sassoun, "The shortest method for disposing of the women and children concentrated in the various camps was to burn them." And also that, "Turkish prisoners who had apparently witnessed some of these scenes were horrified and maddened at the remembering the sight. They told the Russians that the stench of the burning human flesh permeated the air for many days after."
Trabzon was the main city in Trabzon province; Oscar S. Heizer, the American consul at Trabzon, reports: "This plan did not suit Nail Bey.... Many of the children were loaded into boats and taken out to sea and thrown overboard." The Italian consul of Trabzon in 1915, Giacomo Gorrini, writes: "I saw thousands of innocent women and children placed on boats which were capsized in the Black Sea." The Trabzon trials reported Armenians having been drowned in the Black Sea. Hoffman Philip, the American Charge at Constantinople chargé d'affaires, writes: "Boat loads sent from Zor down the river arrived at Ana, one thirty miles away, with three fifths of passengers missing."
The psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton writes in a parenthesis when introducing the crimes of Nazi doctors, "Perhaps Turkish doctors, in their participation in the genocide against the Armenians, come closest, as I shall later suggest."
Morphine overdose; During the Trabzon trial series of the Martial court, from the sittings between March 26 and May 17, 1919, the Trabzons Health Services Inspector Dr. Ziya Fuad wrote in a report that Dr. Saib caused the death of children with the injection of morphine. The information was allegedly provided by two physicians (Drs. Ragib and Vehib), both Dr. Saib's colleagues at Trabzons Red Crescent hospital, where those atrocities were said to have been committed.
Toxic gas; Dr. Ziya Fuad and Dr. Adnan, public health services director of Trabzon, submitted affidavits reporting cases in which two school buildings were used to organize children and send them to the mezzanine to kill them with toxic gas equipment. Typhoid inoculation; The Ottoman surgeon, Dr. Haydar Cemal wrote "on the order of the Chief Sanitation Office of the IIIrd Army in January 1916, when the spread of typhus was an acute problem, innocent Armenians slated for deportation at Erzican were inoculated with the blood of typhoid fever patients without rendering that blood ‘inactive’." Jeremy Hugh Baron writes: "Individual doctors were directly involved in the massacres, having poisoned infants, killed children and issued false certificates of death from natural causes. Nazim's brother-in-law Dr. Tevfik Rushdu, Inspector-General of Health Services, organized the disposal of Armenian corpses with thousands of kilos of lime over six months; he became foreign secretary from 1925 to 1938."
Deportations
In May 1915, Mehmed Talat Pasha requested that the cabinet and Grand Vizier Said Halim Pasha legalize a measure for relocation and settlement of Armenians to other places due to what Talat Pasha called "the Armenian riots and massacres, which had arisen in a number of places in the country." However, Talat Pasha was referring specifically to events in Van and extending the implementation to the regions in which alleged "riots and massacres" would affect the security of the war zone of the Caucasus Campaign. Later, the scope of the immigration was widened in order to include the Armenians in the other provinces. On 29 May 1915, the CUP Central Committee passed the Temporary Law of Deportation ("Tehjir Law"), giving the Ottoman government and military authorization to deport anyone it "sensed" as a threat to national security. The "Tehjir Law" brought some measures regarding the property of the deportees, but during September a new law was proposed. By means of the "Abandoned Properties" Law (Law Concerning Property, Dept's and Assets Left Behind Deported Persons, also referred as the "Temporary Law on Expropriation and Confiscation"), the Ottoman government took possession of all "abandoned" Armenian goods and properties. Ottoman parliamentary representative Ahmed Riza protested this legislation: It is unlawful to designate the Armenian assets as “abandoned goods” for the Armenians, the proprietors, did not abandon their properties voluntarily; they were forcibly, compulsorily removed from their domiciles and exiled. Now the government through its efforts is selling their goods...If we are a constitutional regime functioning in accordance with constitutional law we can’t do this. This is atrocious. Grab my arm, eject me from my village, then sell my goods and properties, such a thing can never be permissible. Neither the conscience of the Ottomans nor the law can allow it. On 13 September 1915, the Ottoman parliament passed the "Temporary Law of Expropriation and Confiscation", stating that all property, including land, livestock, and homes belonging to Armenians, was to be confiscated by the authorities. With the implementation of Tehcir law, the confiscation of Armenian property and the slaughter of Armenians that ensued upon the law's enactment outraged much of the western world. While the Ottoman Empire's wartime allies offered little protest, a wealth of German and Austrian historical documents has since come to attest to the witnesses' horror at the killings and mass starvation of Armenians. In the United States, The New York Times reported almost daily on the mass murder of the Armenian people, describing the process as "systematic", "authorized" and "organized by the government." Theodore Roosevelt would later characterize this as "the greatest crime of the war."
Death marches
The Armenians were marched out to the Syrian town of Deir ez-Zor and the surrounding desert. A good deal of evidence suggests that the Pan-Ottoman government did not provide any facilities or supplies to sustain the Armenians during their deportation, nor when they arrived. By August 1915, The New York Times repeated an unattributed report that "the roads and the Euphrates are strewn with corpses of exiles, and those who survive are doomed to certain death. It is a plan to exterminate the whole Armenian people." Pan-Turkist troops escorting the Armenians not only allowed others to rob, kill, and rape the Armenians, but often participated in these activities themselves. Deprived of their belongings and marched into the desert, hundreds of thousands of Armenians perished. Naturally, the death rate from starvation and sickness is very high and is increased by the brutal treatment of the authorities, whose bearing toward the exiles as they are being driven back and forth over the desert is not unlike that of slave drivers. With few exceptions no shelter of any kind is provided and the people coming from a cold climate are left under the scorching desert sun without food and water. Temporary relief can only be obtained by the few able to pay officials.
Similarly, Major General Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein noted that "The Turkish policy of causing starvation is an all too obvious proof... for the Turkish resolve to destroy the Armenians."
German engineers and laborers involved in building the railway also witnessed Armenians being crammed into cattle cars and shipped along the railroad line. Franz Gunther, a representative for Deutsche Bank which was funding the construction of the Baghdad Railway, forwarded photographs to his directors and expressed his frustration at having to remain silent amid such "bestial cruelty". Major General Otto von Lossow, acting military attaché and head of the German Military Plenipotentiary in the Ottoman Empire, spoke to Ottoman intentions in a conference held in Batum in 1918:
The Turks have embarked upon the "total extermination of the Armenians in Transcaucasia... The aim of Turkish policy is, as I have reiterated, the taking of possession of Armenian districts and the extermination of the Armenians. Talaat's government wants to destroy all Armenians, not just in Turkey but also outside Turkey. On the basis of all the reports and news coming to me here in Tiflis there hardly can be any doubt that the Turks systematically are aiming at the extermination of the few hundred thousand Armenians whom they left alive until now.
Extermination camps
It is estimated that 25 major concentration camps existed, under the command of ھükrü Kaya, one of the right hand-men of Talat Pasha. The majority of the camps were situated near Turkey's modern Iraqi and Syrian borders, and some were only temporary transit camps. Others, such as Radjo, Katma, and Azaz, are said to have been used only temporarily, for mass graves; these sites were vacated by autumn 1915. Some authors also maintain that the camps Lale, Tefridje, Dipsi, Del-El, and Ra's al-'Ain were built specifically for those who had a life expectancy of a few days.
Relief
American Committee for Relief in the Near East is a relief organization established in 1915, just after the deportations, primary aim was to alleviate the suffering of the Armenian people. Henry Morgenthau played a key role in rallying support for the organization. Between 1915 and 1930, distributed humanitarian relief across a wide range of geographical locations. ACRNE eventually spent over ten times of initial estimate, see original estimate, that amount and helped an estimated close to 2,000,000 refugees. In its first year, the ACRNE cared for 132,000 Armenian orphans from Tiflis, Yerevan, Constantinople, Sivas, Beirut, Damascus, and Jerusalem. A relief organization for refugees in the Middle East helped donate over $102 million (budget $117,000,000) [1930 value of dollar] to Armenians both during and after the war.
Te؛kilat-i Mahsusa
The Committee of Union and Progress founded a "special organization" (Turkish: Te؛kilat-i Mahsusa) that participated in the destruction of the Ottoman Armenian community. This organization adopted its name in 1913 and functioned like a special forces outfit, and it has been compared by some scholars to the Nazi Einsatzgruppen.[96] Later in 1914, the Ottoman government influenced the direction the special organization was to take by releasing criminals from central prisons to be the central elements of this newly formed special organization. According to the Mazhar commissions attached to the tribunal as soon as November 1914, 124 criminals were released from Pimian prison. Little by little from the end of 1914 to the beginning of 1915, hundreds, then thousands of prisoners were freed to form the members of this organization. Later, they were charged to escort the convoys of Armenian deportees. Vehib Pasha, commander of the Ottoman Third Army, called those members of the special organization, the “butchers of the human species.”

Trials
In 1919, Sultan Mehmed VI ordered domestic courts-martial to try members of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) (Turkish: "Ittihat Terakki") for their role in taking the Ottoman Empire into World War I. The courts-martial blamed the members of CUP for pursuing a war that did not fit into the notion of Millet. The Armenian issue was used as a tool to punish the leaders of the CUP. Most of the documents generated in these courts were later moved to international trials. By January 1919, a report to Sultan Mehmed VI accused over 130 suspects, most of whom were high officials. The military court found that it was the will of the CUP to eliminate the Armenians physically, via its special organization. The 1919 pronouncement reads as follows:
The Court Martial taking into consideration the above-named crimes declares, unanimously, the culpability as principal factors of these crimes the fugitives Talat Pasha, former Grand Vizir, Enver Efendi, former War Minister, struck off the register of the Imperial Army, Cemal Efendi, former Navy Minister, struck off too from the Imperial Army, and Dr. Nazim Efendi, former Minister of Education, members of the General Council of the Union & Progress, representing the moral person of that party;... the Court Martial pronounces, in accordance with said stipulations of the Law the death penalty against Talat, Enver, Cemal, and Dr. Nazim.
The term Three Pashas, which include Mehmed Talat Pasha and Ismail Enver, refers to the triumvirate who had fled the Empire at the end of World War I. At the trials in Constantinople in 1919 they were sentenced to death in absentia. The courts-martial officially disbanded the CUP and confiscated its assets, and the assets of those found guilty. At least two of the three were later assassinated by Armenian vigilantes.
Following the Mudros Armistice, the preliminary Peace Conference in Paris established "The Commission on Responsibilities and Sanctions" in January 1919, which was chaired by U.S. Secretary of State Lansing. Based on the commission's work, several articles were added to the Treaty of Sèvres, and the acting government of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Mehmed VI and Damat Adil Ferit Pasha, were summoned to trial. The Treaty of Sèvres (August 1920) planned a trial to determine those responsible for the "barbarous and illegitimate methods of warfare... [including] offenses against the laws and customs of war and the principles of humanity". Article 230 of the Treaty of Sèvres required the Ottoman Empire "hand over to the Allied Powers the persons whose surrender may be required by the latter as being responsible for the massacres committed during the continuance of the state of war on territory which formed part of the Ottoman Empire on August 1, 1914."
Various Pan-Turkist politicians, generals, and intellectuals were transferred to Malta, where they were held for some three years while searches were made of archives in Constantinople, London, Paris and Washington to investigate their actions. However, the Inter-allied tribunal attempt demanded by the Treaty of Sèvres never solidified and the detainees were eventually returned to Turkey in exchange for British citizens held by Kemalist Turkey.
On March 15, 1921, former Grand Vizier Talat Pasha was assassinated in the Charlottenburg District of Berlin, Germany, in broad daylight and in the presence of many witnesses. Talat's death was part of "Operation Nemesis", the Armenian Revolutionary Federation's codename for their covert operation in the 1920s to kill the planners of the Armenian Genocide.
The subsequent trial of the assassin, Soghomon Tehlirian, had an important influence on Raphael Lemkin, a lawyer of Polish-Jewish descent who campaigned in the League of Nations to ban what he called "barbarity" and "vandalism". The term "genocide", created in 1943, was coined by Lemkin who was directly influenced by the massacres of Armenians during World War I.
Armenian population, deaths, survivors, 1914 to 1918
While there is no consensus as to how many Armenians lost their lives during the Armenian Genocide, there is general agreement among western scholars that over 500,000 Armenians died between 1914 and 1918. Estimates vary between 600,000 (per the modern Turkish state) to 1,500,000 (per Western scholars) Argentina, and other states. Encyclopوdia Britannica references the research of Arnold J. Toynbee, an intelligence officer of the British Foreign Office, who estimated that 600,000 Armenians "died or were massacred during deportation" in the years 1915–1916.
Hundreds of eyewitnesses, including the neutral United States and the Ottoman Empire's own allies, Germany and Austria-Hungary, recorded and documented numerous acts of state-sponsored massacres. Many foreign officials offered to intervene on behalf of the Armenians, including Pope Benedict XV, only to be turned away by Ottoman government officials who claimed they were retaliating against a pro-Russian insurrection. On May 24, 1915, the Triple Entente warned the Ottoman Empire that "In view of these new crimes of Turkey against humanity and civilization, the Allied Governments announce publicly to the Sublime Porte that they will hold personally responsible for these crimes all members of the Ottoman Government, as well as those of their agents who are implicated in such massacres."
The American Committee for Relief in the Near East (ACRNE, or "Near East Relief") was a charitable organization established to relieve the suffering of the peoples of the Near East. The organization was championed by Henry Morgenthau, Sr., American ambassador to the Ottoman Empire. Morgenthau's dispatches on the mass slaughter of Armenians galvanized much support for ACRNE.